A Search Engine is a program that helps users find information on the Internet.
These are the critical operations that allow them to provide relevant web results
when searchers use their system to find information:
- Crawling the Web - SEs run automated programs, called “bots” or “spiders” or “crawlers” that use the hyperlink structure of the Web to “crawl” the pages and documents that make up the World Wide Web.
- Indexing Documents - Once a page has been crawled, its contents can be “indexed” – stored in a giant database of documents that make up a search engine’s “index”. This index needs to be tightly managed, so that requests which must be searched and billions of documents can be completed in fractions of a second.
- Processing Queries - When a request for information comes into the SE, the engine retrieves from its index all the documents that match the query. A match is determined if the terms or phrase is found on the page in the manner specified by the user.
- Ranking Results - Once the search engine has determined which results are a match for the query, the engine’s algorithm runs calculations on each of the results to determine which is most relevant to the given query. They sort these on the result pages in order from most relevant to least so that users can make a choice about which to select.
Search Engine Optimization
Search engine optimization or SEO is the active practice of optimizing a web site by improving the internal and external aspects of the website in order to increase the traffic it receives from search engines. Optimizing a web site for search engines can require looking at so many unique elements that many practitioners of SEO (SEOs) consider themselves to be in the broad field of website optimization (since so many of those elements intertwine).
This guide is designed to describe all areas of SEO – from discovery of the terms used in SEO, to making a site SE friendly, to building the links and marketing the unique value of the site/organization’s offering
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